Ministry of Energy and Mineral development Ugand

Out to Lunch

#OutToLunch Subsidize electric cookers for Ugandans to enjoy new cooking tariff

#OutToLunch Subsidize electric cookers for Ugandans to enjoy new cooking tariff By Denis Jjuuko You have seen the photos. I think largely taken to trend on social media platforms. Kampala’s hot girls in the village for the holiday season trying all sort of styles to blow air in the fireplace to cook the food. Uganda largely depends on firewood as its source of energy. Using firewood in Uganda is the norm rather than exception. Of course in some areas, some other energy sources might be expensive or even non-existent but it is also the way we have lived since the days of Kintu or Gipir and Labong. We don’t seem to know any other way. When Ugandans migrate to urban areas, they adopt charcoal as their main source of energy for cooking. Truckloads of charcoal are delivered every night in Kampala. In the suburbs, trucks move door to door with young men shouting at the top of their voices of the availability of charcoal at what they call crazy prices. Many roadside entrepreneurs in the suburbs survive on selling charcoal. It is beaming business. In most of these households where charcoal is used, electricity is available too. The perception about charcoal is that it is a cheap source of energy. I think it is just a perception. The cost of charcoal is perhaps the same as electricity or liquefied petroleum gas. And obviously much more expensive than biogas, which we have failed to adopt in Uganda. I find charcoal too dirty to use. Cumbersome to use and like firewood, a big source of indoor pollution that according to the World Health Organisation is responsible for about 4.3 million deaths annually. Some of the noncommunicable diseases that are increasingly killing Ugandans are a result of this pollution. The cost to the economy is beyond measure. But talking about costs, the household loses money every time they use charcoal. There is no switch on a sigiri (charcoal stove) which you can control as you cook. Many times, once the cooking is done, the burning charcoal is wasted, which translates into money lost. Then many of the charcoal sellers today are unscrupulous. Many times, sacks of charcoal are packed with residual parts (olusenyente in Luganda) which is hardly usable unless you are using a much more modern electric/solar powered charcoal stove. I believe, for each sack of charcoal, a household loses 20% in waste alone. I will talk about the cost of air pollution and the dirt on another day. So I was delighted that the ministry of energy through the electricity regulatory agency has come up with a tariff to lure households to turn to cooking using electricity instead of firewood and charcoal. According to media reports, ERA’s new tariff guide, each domestic user will have 70 units a month each sold at Shs412Kwh down from Shs747.5Kwh. This, the ministry of energy believes will lead to more people using electricity to cook. The only drawback is that you can only get this rate if you have bought the first 70 units a month. The best thing would have been to let households use the units regardless of what one has bought in a month. However, it is a good start. This should be followed by reducing the taxes on electric cookers and microwaves so people can buy them. Of course many times in Uganda reduction in taxes doesn’t necessarily lead to low prices. Traders many times pocket the change. So the ministry can partner with some local makers of electric cookers to ensure that a certain type of cooker that is affordable is available on the market. This will create millions of jobs. Although the ministry has given out energy saving bulbs before and it might be difficult to give households cookers, having them available countrywide at affordable prices is one way to wane ourselves off charcoal and firewood and save what is left of our already depleted forests. A massive awareness campaign would then follow informing the public of the advantages of cooking using electricity and other environmentally friendly sources such as biogas. This is important because of the perception issue I mentioned earlier. Many of the people living in Uganda’s rapidly urbanizing areas are the first in their family to live in urban areas. So they migrate into urban areas and practice what they have seen their grandparents do. Of course we would need to perhaps adopt other methods like cooking more food than can be eaten at every single meal, store it and warm it up at the time of eating. The practice of cooking every one of the three meals a day separately increases our energy consumption. If you plan to eat beans three times in a week, the energy saving practice is to cook them at once and warm them up when meal time approaches. It would save time and money for the household. The writer is a communication and visibility consultant. djjuuko@gmail.com

January 5, 2022

Out to Lunch

#OutToLunch Wood to power solutions could reduce household poverty

By Denis Jjuuko A head of the household returned home after a long day of trying to fend for the family. Previously, he had bought some dry rations to take through the family during the lockdown. He was warmly welcomed back by the people he had left at home, helping him to settle in so they could serve him some tea and some food later. Upon entering the kitchen, he saw a saucepan on the electric cooker and as he passed by, he realized the people he had left at home were cooking dry beans. He screamed his lungs out — how could you cook beans using electricity? “Do you want me dead?” he further screamed. This message was contained in a viral meme that has been circulating in the last few days. If you carried out a living standards survey in Uganda, you will realize that they aren’t many households with electric cookers. Those who have such gadgets are supposed to be middle or upper class or high-income earners. Electricity is considered expensive to use for cooking stuff that don’t even need as much energy as dry beans. In many households that have electric cookers, the purpose for them is to quickly make an egg omelette, warm milk for kids before they run to school and such other light meals. Cooking meals for the entire households is usually done using charcoal and/or firewood especially by those families that don’t put their hands in the public till. It is considered less expensive to use charcoal and firewood than electricity. In some households, electricity is only for lighting, charging phones, and watching TV once in a blue moon. This has made wood the biggest source of energy in Uganda leading to the depletion of our natural forests and significantly contributing to climate change. Uganda’s installed generation capacity is 1,268.9Megwatts as of June 2021 which is largely clean energy from hydro plants. With Karuma and other small hydro plants under construction such as Nyamagasani 1 and Achwa 1 coming online in mid 2022, the installed capacity will increase to 1,900MW. However, the transmission is still low at 3,100.5km as of June 2021, which limits supply to especially rural areas. However, for those who are already connected to the grid, affordability is a key issue which makes old men cry when they return home and electricity is being used to cook dry beans instead of frying eggs and warming milk for kids. Yet there is a cost beyond climate change to households that depend entirely on biomass energy sources such as wood. Smoke from charcoal and firewood is said to cause non communicable diseases like cancer, which kill many people every year. Chronic diseases like cancers are also key contributors to household poverty as they are costly to treat. When a member of a household in Uganda is sick, there are several other people who devote all their time to looking after the person instead of working. Money that would have enabled kids to go to school is instead used for treating the sick. For cancers, even household properties such as land is sold in a bid to save a life, which further denies the affected household income thereby sinking it into abject poverty. Electricity is capital intensive and for the private sector that is involved, there must be a return on investment for them. However, the government of Uganda must always support the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development to push for wood to power initiatives so people can use less biomass energy. The ministry through the Electricity Regulatory Authority recently reduced the power tariffs but more must be done so that households can use electricity for cooking beans and ironing. If more people are connected to electricity and use it for cooking and ironing, the cost of distributing that power will be less. Numbers significantly reduced the cost of telephony; they can do the same for electricity. Also, there won’t be power generated and not used, a factor that somewhat makes electricity expensive. Promotion of renewable energy such as solar heaters, biogas technologies, and power saving systems such as automated security lights for homes and businesses could be a solution. Households must also learn to carry out regular power audits so that they understand what consumes their electricity to reduce on the bill or turn that energy into cooking and ironing instead of having a heart attack when dry beans and cow hooves are cooked using electricity. The writer is a communication and visibility consultant. djjuuko@gmail.com

August 24, 2021

News

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development prioritizes participation of Ugandans in development of the Oil and Gas sector

By Sierra Ruth Arinaitwe The Ministry of Energy and Mineral development Uganda has established the policy provisions for national participation through which Ugandans have been prioritized to partake in the development of the sector. This follows the sector’s move to the development and production phase of the commercial quantities of oil which were discovered in the Lake Albert basin. This phrase involves activities such as engineering, procurement and construction of the different infrastructure that is required for the production and commercialization of the crude oil. According to Robert Kasande, the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD), national participation of Uganda will be maximized through three main ways including “provision of goods and services by Ugandans, employment and training of Ugandans and technology transfer to Ugandans.” Kasende made the remarks was speaking during the 7th Annual Oil and Gas Convention, which was held virtually due to the ongoing lockdown as a result of the second COVID-19 wave in the country. The policies state that Ugandan entrepreneurs will be given chance to provide goods and services to be used during the production and commercialization of the crude oil in the Lake Albert basin. Section 53 and 125 of the upstream and midstream Acts states that; “the licensee, their contractors and subcontractors are required to give priority goods and services provided by Ugandan citizens and registered entities owned by Ugandans.” The regulations ring-fenced a number goods and services that can only be provided by Ugandan citizens and Ugandan companies. Among these include; transportation, security, foods and beverages, hotel accommodation and catering , human resource management, office supplies ,fuel supply, land surveying, clearing and forwarding, locally available construction materials , civil works, environment studies and impact assessment, communication and information technology service, waste management and crane hire. The policies also state that there will be provision of employment and training to Ugandans. Sections 54 and 126 of the Upstream and Midstream Acts provide for “training, recruitment and employment of Ugandans in all phases of petroleum activities taking into account gender, equity, persons with disabilities and host communities.” Kasande explains that the regulations require that Ugandan citizens are given priority for employment in any petroleum activity executed by any licensee. Kasande notes that to ensure successful implementation of the policy provision of national participation, there will be need to effectively implement the available policy provisions within the existing policy, legal and regulatory framework to foster national participation. He as well called upon collaboration and coordination among the key stakeholders to efficiently implement the policy provisions to ensure maximum national participation in the oil and gas industry, establishment of industry collaboration forums and development and application of a holistic approach to measure and monitor national content.

June 24, 2021